Understanding defibrillators and their lifesaving power

One of the most vital tools in increasing survival rates from sudden cardiac arrest is an AED. But what actually is an AED? An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is an easily portable electronic device that is able to analyse a heart’s rhythm and, where necessary, deliver a controlled electric shock to restore a normal rhythm. An AED is specifically made to be used by members of the public, even individuals with no medical training whatsoever, due to their automated voice and visual prompts and simplified instructions. AEDs are a crucial and important part of modern first aid, especially in the UK where increasing public access to defibrillators is acknowledged as a national health priority.

AED meaning and how an AED works

AED stands for “Automated External Defibrillator”. An AED works by monitoring and observing the electrical activity of the heart through their electrode pads which are placed onto the individual's chest. If the AED spots a shockable rhythm, it will either automatically administer or, usually with semi-automatic defibrillators, prompt the user to deliver a shock to the patient. This shock depolarises the heart muscle, which can stop abnormal rhythm allow it to regain a stable rhythm. The technology behind this form of defibrillation has advanced enormously ever since its introduction in the mid-20th century, going from a bulky hospital based machine, to the compact, battery-powered AED defibrillators we see across the UK today, in schools, airports, offices, and even supermarkets.

When should an AED be used?

An AED should be used as quickly as possible on a person who is unresponsive and not breathing correctly or at all. In the UK, current Resuscitation Council (UK) guidelines illustrate the cruciality of fast, early defibrillation, which includes early recognition of cardiac arrest, early CPR, early defibrillation, and post-resuscitation care. When an AED is used within the first 3 - 5 minutes of a cardiac arrest, the chances of survival can typically increase by upwards of 70%. That’s why it is very important that defibrillators are easily accessible in public places and workplaces, as well as staff being trained in how to use a defibrillator safely and accurately.

Historical context of the defibrillator

The idea of defibrillation dates all the way back to the late 1800s, however, it wasn’t until 1947 that the first external defibrillator was successfully used on a human, when Dr. Claude Beck performed the first open-chest defibrillation, reviving a 14-year-old boy in cardiac arrest. The early models of defibrillators were large, manually operated, and required great medical expertise. 

The creation of portable defibrillators, specifically those that helped to automate the heart rhythm analysis, in the 1970s and 1980s was a complete game-changer for emergency first aid. The first completely automatic AEDs weren’t introduced until the late 1980s, and have since then become more reliable and accessible. In the UK today, AEDs are required to carry CE marking and adhere to highly strict MHRA regulations for optimal safety and effectiveness.

So, what is a defibrillator and where should you keep one?

Understanding what a defibrillator is is far more than just knowing its definition. It is about understanding the value an AED brings in emergencies, and moreover, knowing where and when to use it. Having an automated external defibrillator in a UK workplace is not yet a legal requirement, however it is highly recommended by the HSE, more so in higher risk workplaces or where a larger number of people are positioned, for example warehouses or public events. Many businesses tend to choose to invest in an AED defibrillator for the ease of use, fast analysis time, and wireless connectivity for remote maintenance alerts.

When storing a defibrillator, whether automatic or manual, it is also very important to make sure it is in a clear, visible and easily accessible location. This can also be assisted with signage that follows HSE regulations, specifically Safety Signs and Signals Regulations 1996, such as a nearest defibrillator sign, to benefit employees, visitors or members of the public in gaining access to a defibrillator quickly and easily in a cardiac emergency.

Why are defibrillators are crucial for first aid?

Defibrillators are not just for hospitals or ambulances, but are also an important part of first aid supplies. When used in conjunction with effective and accurate CPR, an AED can save a life. This makes them very important in locations with vulnerable people, for example schools, sports facilities, or healthcare settings. If you are contemplating on including defibrillation support in your building, ensure that your staff have access to the right equipment, correct signage, and knowledge of exactly when an AED should be used.

Alongside an AED, what else is important?

While having access to an AED is very important, it is only one part of the emergency response. Accurate and correct CPR, delivered quickly, is just as important. Using defibrillation in conjunction with effective, fast acting CPR gives the individual the highest chance of survival. This is why training and regular practice is highly important, more so in workplaces, schools, and public spaces.

To make sure your staff, and you, are fully confident in delivering CPR, investing in realistic, durable CPR dummy can be very beneficial. These CPR manikins are able to give instant feedback on the compression depth and rate of the user, which assists in improving their technique. Using a CPR dummy in conjunction with an AED trainer not only helps to learn or reinforce lifesaving skills, but can also improve confidence, which means staff feel ready to act in an emergency.

AEDs save lives

An AED is more than just a bit of equipment; an AED is a tool that can be the difference between life and death. Whether you are a business owner, school administrator, or simply a concerned citizen, understanding AED meaning, functionality, and importance is very important across the world today. Every single second counts during a cardiac arrest, and the ability to perform CPR and deliver a shock using an AED defibrillator can change the outcome entirely.

At Jax First Aid, we stock a wide range of high quality defibrillators, defibrillator cabinets, trainer AEDs, and other accessories that can help equip your workplace or organisation for any emergency.